pub.chive.eprint.submission

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  "title": "Reciprocal nutritional benefits in a sponge-seagrass association",
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  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ulisse Cardini",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0816-6158",
      "order": 1,
      "affiliations": [
        {
          "name": "Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn",
          "rorId": "https://ror.org/03v5jj203"
        }
      ],
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    {
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      "name": "Luis M. Montilla",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7079-6775",
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    {
      "name": "Germán Zapata-Hernández",
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    {
      "name": "Johanna Berlinghof",
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    {
      "name": "Elisa Guarcini",
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    {
      "name": "Marta Furia",
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    {
      "name": "Francesca Margiotta",
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    },
    {
      "name": "Travis Meador",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8255-5883",
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    {
      "name": "Chrsitian Wild",
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    {
      "name": "Simonetta Fraschetti",
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    {
      "name": "Irene Olivé",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4865-923X",
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  ],
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  "abstract": "Sponges commonly form associations within seagrass meadows, but their potential impact on seagrass productivity and nutrient cycles remains poorly understood. This study investigates the association between the demosponge *Chondrilla nucula* and the Mediterranean seagrass *Posidonia oceanica* in two sampling occasions during the plant growth (spring) and senescence (autumn) seasons at a small inlet near Naples, Italy, where the sponge grows conspicuously within the seagrass bed. We found a non-linear relationship between the benthic cover of the sponge and the seagrass, with higher *C. nucula* cover linked to intermediate P. oceanica cover, suggesting spatial dependence. *P. oceanica* showed higher net primary production (NPP) in spring, while *C. nucula* was net heterotrophic in spring but exhibited slightly positive NPP in autumn. NPP remained stable when the two organisms were associated, regardless of the season. *C. nucula* consistently contributed inorganic nutrients to the association in the form of phosphate, ammonium, and substantial nitrate, recycling nutrients that potentially benefited *P. oceanica* in its growth season. In return, the seagrass consistently provided dissolved organic carbon, which aided sponge nutrition in spring. These findings suggest reciprocal benefits in the interaction between *C. nucula* and *P. oceanica*, with nutrient exchange facilitating a facultative mutualism that potentially supports and stabilizes the productivity of the seagrass ecosystem",
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  "keywords": [
    "Posidonia oceanica",
    "Chondrilla nucula; holobiont",
    "facilitation",
    "oxygen fluxes",
    "nutrient fluxes",
    "stable isotopes analyses"
  ],
  "createdAt": "2026-05-05T13:51:38.684Z",
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  "submittedBy": "did:plc:3x6kpoygpiqbcoljnjgjzkxb",
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  "publishedVersion": {
    "doi": "https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.06.627200"
  },
  "publicationStatus": "eprint"
}

did:plc:3x6kpoygpiqbcoljnjgjzkxb | at://did:plc:3x6kpoygpiqbcoljnjgjzkxb/pub.chive.eprint.submission/3ml4dgehh3c22